![]() ![]() Downstream of the FLASH1 main undulators, we operate an electromagnetic undulator with nine periods to produce synchronized radiation pulses in the THz spectral range from 1.3 to 30 THz and pulse energies up to about hundred \(\mu \)J. A wavelength range between 51 nm and 4.2 nm is covered. The undulator section at FLASH1 consists of fixed gap undulators, delivering horizontal FEL polarization and requiring changes in the electron energy in order to tune the delivered wavelength. The most recent major upgrade of the facility (completed in 2016), FLASH2, included the installation of a second electron beamline and a second experimental hall. In this pioneering phase, a large set of fundamental method developments and experimental insights have been gained at FLASH that now form the basis for many of the experiments at other FEL facilities worldwide. Renamed to ‘FLASH’, the facility received continuous upgrades. The second phase, TTF2 started operation in 2004 and was opened to photon science users in 2005. In the late 1990 s, TTF1 was realized and early experiments using the photon pulses were performed at wavelengths in the range from 80 to 120 nm. For testing the new superconducting accelerator technology, a TESLA test facility (TTF) was conceptualized to also generate photon pulses in a single-pass SASE FEL scheme. ![]() The roots of FLASH lie in the TESLA project for a linear particle collider from the mid 1990 s. ![]() Electron bunches are produced ten times a second in bursts of typically up to about 500 pulses with 1 \(\mu \)s spacing. Driven by a superconducting accelerator, FLASH provides a high number of pulses per second (5000). It is based on the principle of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) and produces typical pulses of several ten to few hundreds of femtoseconds duration at single pulse energies of up to one millijoule. As all short wavelength FEL sources, FLASH is a single-pass FEL. FLASH is a photon science user facility, operating two undulator lines in parallel and covering wavelengths from the extreme ultra-violet range down to the soft X-ray range. ![]()
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